Essay Task - Export Gas Bar Chart Sample

Essay Task - Export Gas Bar Chart SampleAn essay task is an intensive process of a student to polish the English written composition. It involves the writing of an essay paper, which is written with a bit of creativity and resourcefulness. There are plenty of methods through which students can apply to gain help in writing good essays.There are numerous writing tips available over the internet. But the fact is that it is very important to stick to a single method and not to follow different tips. There are many writing guides available but it is very much necessary to use only one. Students who are supposed to write an essay can easily find a tool like the Gas Bar Chart. If you use the Gas Chart then you can be sure that you are performing your homework efficiently.The first step in writing is to choose the topic to write about. This makes a lot of difference in your ability to accomplish the writing task.You can also get an idea on how to get started in writing by consulting a writi ng guide. The topic you choose should be able to make you understand the topic better. And of course you should know well enough on the point to be covered.A student should always check the essay task first before proceeding with it. There are lots of guidelines that you should always follow for finishing the task efficiently.There are lots of software that you can try while writing an essay task. The best method to use is the essay Task Editor software. The use of the software will enhance your ability to do your work properly. You can also practice the task, if possible, before applying it to the real task.A student should always keep a track of the essay task that he has written. He should know that the essay task is going to a board. And he must ensure that it is done on time.

Management

Dissertation Objectives The working title of the proposed study is ‘Management-Employee Misalignment Performance implications: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Steel Production Industry.’Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Management-Employee Misalignment Performance Implications: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Steel Production Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The general aim of the proposed study will be to critically evaluate how the U.S. steel manufacturing industries can benefit, productively, by aligning their overall management and business strategies to the needs and expectations of employees working in the sector, hence maintain competitive advantage. The following will form the specific objectives: Critically evaluate the sources of management-employee misalignment within the industry; Critically evaluate the performance implications occasioned by management-employee misalignme nt within the industry; Critically evaluate the industry’s best practices in encouraging and maintaining management-employee alignment to boost performance and profitability; and Analyze and report on probable alternatives that could by used in the U.S. steel production industry to effectively link management strategies to employee needs and expectations from a human resource perspective. The proposed study will be guided by the following research questions: What organizational methodologies can stakeholders in the U.S. steel production industry use to effectively align management strategies to the current needs and expectations of employees? What are the broad implications of using organizational frameworks that contribute to management-employment misalignment in the U.S. steel production industry? What are the perceived and real benefits of introducing a framework that will enhance management-employee alignment in the U.S. steel production industry? Methodology The propo sed study will employ a quantitative research design to critically evaluate the performance implications of management-employee misalignment in the U.S. steel production industry. As Hopkins (2000) observes, most quantitative studies are principally concerned with evaluating the correlation between independent and dependent variables, and are either descriptive or experimental. In this regard, a quantitative study will best serve the interests of the proposed study by offering a workable framework through which management-employee misalignment can be correlated to performance implications. The proposed study will be descriptive in nature because subjects earmarked for the study will be measured once (Sekaran, 2006). Primary data will be collected using self-administered questionnaires in a survey approach since the researcher is primarily interested in descriptive assessment of the relationship between management-employee misalignments on the one hand and performance implications on the other. In this perspective, a pilot study will be carried out before the commencement of the research to validate the items included in the questionnaire schedule as well as ensure that they will effectively answer the key research questions. It is imperative to note that the questionnaires will be administered using online protocols.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondary data for the proposed study will be gathered by means of undertaking a critical review of related literature on the underlying theories and concepts of organizational alignment, the role of human resource departments in ensuring employees needs and demands are positively aligned to management and organizational outcomes, and performance implications triggered by management-employee misalignment. The data collected will then be used to compare the research findings with other previous studies in the field with a view to developing plausible alternatives and recommendations that could be used in the 21st century to form a value-added linkage between management strategies and employee concerns. Patzer (2005) observes that secondary data by way of undertaking a review of current literature does not only avail to the researcher a re-established degree of validity and reliability to the issues under investigation, but it also provides a framework through which the gathered primary data can be objectively ascertained and recommendations made. The population for the proposed study will comprise employees and managers from five steel production companies that will be selected during the piloting stage. The sample, however, will comprise five management-level professionals and 20 employees in each of the five companies, implying that the total sample for the study will comprise 25 management-level professionals and 100 employees. It is imperative to note that management professi onals will be sampled using purposive sampling technique, while the researcher intends to use the human resource departments in each of the selected companies to sample employees using convenience sampling approach. According to Sekaran, participants in a purposive sample are selected based on their deeper understanding of the phenomena under study (in this case, management strategies and how the relate to employee concerns), while subjects in a convenient sample are included in the research framework by virtue of being in the right position at the right time. Quantitative data intended to answer the key research objectives and questions will be collected from the selected companies using two sets of online self-administered questionnaires – one for managers and the other for employees.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Management-Employee Misalignment Performance Implications: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Steel Production Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lewis-Beck Bryman (2004) observes that administering questionnaires online does not only ensure anonymity and respondent acceptability, but also saves costs and affords the researcher the opportunity to collect huge volumes of data using a flexible design. Questionnaires, on their part, are cost-effective and can be administered with ease, not mentioning that they are effective when the researcher wants to gather confidential data from the subjects (Sekaran, 2006). Feasibility To execute the proposed study, academic resources intended to complete the review of literature will be sourced from scholarly databases, including Academic Search Premier, MasterFILE Premier, and Business Source Premier Databases, among others. The subjects earmarked for this particular study are reasonably likely to be willing to take part in the process since the researcher will take ample time to explain to them the nature and purpose of the study, not mentioning that the researcher will discuss with them their rights, especially the right to informed consent, right to disengage from the research process, right to withhold confidential information, and the right to privacy. These disclosures will most definitely reinforce the subjects’ willingness to participate in the study. In addition, the proposed study will employ an expanded, all-inclusive time-scale (3 months after commencement) to ensure that all elements within the research framework are sufficiently covered. Relation with Existing Published Work The concept of alignment has in recent decades gained an important position in the broad field of strategic management. Venkatraman et al (1989) cited in Schniederjans Cao (2009) had implicitly underlined the significance of aligning business and management preferences with the broader strategies of the organization. Available strategic management literature denotes the importance of aligning business and management strategies with the strengths found within the organization as well as the opportunities and threats prevalent in the external environment (Dubrovski, 2009; Anisomova, 2010; Schniederjans Cao, 2009).Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, alignment of strategies from a holistic perspective is assumed to be a positive contributor to organizational and business performance, and many studies as demonstrated by Schniederjans Cao (2009) have been conducted to reveal the association between alignment and business performance. To offer a brief contextual background, the proposed study will limit itself to evaluating management-employee misalignment within the U.S. steel production industry. The steel production industry operates under the manufacturing sector, and employment opportunities within the industry continue to diminish despite expanding steel production, in part, due to widespread adoption of more efficient and cost-effective technologies (WorldSteel, 2008). However, the proposed study aims to go past the technical aspects attributed to the diminishing workforce within the industry to evaluate if management concerns, specifically management-employee misalignment, have a role to play and the performance im plications of such a possibility. The steel manufacturing industry, as is the case in other industries, is affected by a multiplicity of internal and external vagrancies, including management-employee misalignment (Tarigan, 2005). The proposed study will therefore seek to assess to what extent this particular variable affects performance within the U.S. steel production industry. According to Schniederjans Cao (2009), â€Å"†¦research on alignment in the operations strategy literature can be classified under two categories: internal fit and external fit† (p. 2536). While citing Skinner’s (1974) definition, the authors’ postulates that internal fit refers to the consistency among organizations tasks, strategies, policies and practices, while external fit focuses on the need for aligning organization-wide strategy with business and corporate stratagems. A manufacturing strategy, for instance, must be consistently aligned with an organization’s busines s strategy for such an organization to make headway in the ever competitive business environment witnessed in the 21st century. But while the study of alignment of business priorities and organizational strategy in the manufacturing sector and its relationship with performance has currently become the focus of much scholarly attention (Tarigan, 2005), few studies have attempted to look at the alignment between business priorities and other functional areas such as human resources, hence the need to undertake the proposed study. An ever increasing number of researchers and practitioners postulate that optimal benefit will accumulate if there is a fit between environmental factors and strategy in diverse contextual modes. Boyer McDermott (1999) cited in Tarigan (2005) found that lack of alignment within the various scopes of the organization has significant effects on performance. Indeed, Tarigan (2005) observes that â€Å"†¦strategy must not only be well-fitted to its competit ive priorities but it also must be communicated and widely understood throughout the manufacturing organization† (p. 586). His view is ingeniously shared by Christiansen Higgs (2008), who argues that the appropriateness of an organization’s strategy must be evaluated under the lens of its fit or congruence with both the environmental and contextual contingencies facing the organization. Boyer and McDermott (1999) cited in Tarigan (2005) posited that strategic consensus aimed at aligning critical organizational and business processes can only be achieved when diverse levels of employees within an organization reaches a well thought out agreement on what is most essential for the organization to succeed. This implies that employees form a critical component in the alignment debate and should be involved at all levels to trigger sustained performance. However, Kennedy (2004) argues that some management strategies found in many firms either ignore or half-heartedly embrace employee needs and broader HR initiatives, especially in training and development, compensation and benefits, performance and appraisal, staff planning, retention, and other challenges prevalent in today’s marketplace. The proposed study, therefore, will seek to come up with alternatives and best practices that can be used by organizations in general and steel production companies in particular to bring employees onboard while formulating critical management strategies and priorities. Such information will inarguably consolidate management-employee alignment. In his study on how ‘business strategy and HR strategy can impact performance’, Tarigan (2005) hypothesizes that the level of alignment of HR strategy and business strategy will obviously have a direct impact on organizational outcomes. Companies, especially those operating in the manufacturing sector, are consistently faced with a myriad of challenges, including overcapacity, low profit margins and intense competition (Nickerson Silverman, 2003). Khatri et al (n.d.) notes that to effectively compete in the face of such and many other challenges, organizations need to be more attuned to their employee relationships and discover options of creating employee satisfaction, motivation and loyalty. One of the ways that this can be achieved, according to Kennedy (2004), is by aligning management strategies and priorities to employee needs, expectations, demands and value prepositions. However, Dubrovski (2009) counteracts that many managers, instead of striving to find a common ground that is essential to involve employees in critical decision making processes especially in issues concerning their own interests, continue to make management mistakes that cause further misalignment of organizational goals and objectives. The proposed study will therefore also aim to extend on the current knowledge of how such management mistakes can be prevented to enhance management-employee alignment and b oost performance. According to Macaleer Jones (2003), organization development professionals and theorists have for a long time â€Å"†¦maintained that improvement in business performance is directly tied to good human resource planning and closely linking this plan to strategic objectives† (p. 15). Failure to align the two, as observed by Tumwesigye (2010), only leads to employee turnover, which unfortunately bears direct and indirect costs such as recruitment and selection costs, lost productivity, reduction in morale among remaining staff, costs associated with training and orienting new members of staff, and work overload, among others. Rand (1999) add to the discussion by suggesting that most organizations fail to perform because management does not have an effective capacity to run and control the business, including aligning human resource strategies to the overall business strategy. The above assertions adds propensity for the need to undertake the proposed stud y so as to come with viable ways which can be ingeniously used to align management practices to the needs and expectations of employees from a human resource perspective. Justification for Selecting the Topic This particular study, more than anything else, will seek to offer tenable alternatives that companies operating in the steel production industry can use to align management practices with the needs, demands and expectations of their employees. In addition, Tarigan (2005) observes that few studies have ever focussed on strategy alignment and reinforcement in a manufacturing setting. In this perspective, the proposed study will go a long way to extend on the current knowledge, especially on how management mistakes can be prevented with an aim to not only enhance management-employee alignment, but to also boost productivity. The current competitive business environment demands organizations to do everything within their reach so as to remain profitable while maintaining a competi tive advantage (Thompson Heron, 2005). Facilitating management-employee alignment is certainly one of the choices that organizations have in ensuring that they remain competitive. The reasons stated above informed the justification to select this particular topic. List of References Anisomova, T (2010). Corporate Brand: The Company-Customer Misalignment and its Performance Implications. Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 17, Issue 7, pp 488-503. Christiansen, L.C., Higgs, M (2008). How the Alignment of Business Strategy and HR Strategy can Impact Performance: A Practical Insight for Managers. Journal of General Management, Vol. 33, Issue 4, pp 13-33. Dubrovski, D (2009). Management Mistakes as Causes of Corporate Crises: Managerial Implications for Countries for Countries in Transition. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 39-59. Hopkins, W.G (2000). Quantitative Research Design. Web. Kennedy, E (2004). Bridging the Gap between Company and Employees. Women in Business, Vol. 56, Issue 3, pp. 10-15. Khatri, N., Budwar, P., Fern, C.T (n.d.). Employee Turnover: Bad Attitude or Poor Management? Web. Lewis-Beck, M.S.., Bryman, A (2004). The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Sciences Research Methods, Volume 3. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Macaleer, B., Shannon, J (2003). Does HR Planning improve Business Performance? Industrial Management, Vol. 45, Issue 1, pp 15-29. Nickerson, J.A., Silverman, B.S (2003). Why Firms want to Organize Efficiently and what keeps them from doing so: Inappropriate Governance, Performance and Adaptation in a Deregulated Industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48, Issue 3, pp 433-465. Patzer, G.L (1995). Using Secondary Data in Marketing Research: United Sates and Worldwide. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Rand, T (1999). Why Businesses Fail: An Organizational Perspective. Emergence, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp 97- 114. Schniederjans, M., Cao, Q (2009). Alignment of Operations Strategy, Informatio n Strategic Orientation, and Performance: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 47, Issue 10, pp. 2535-2563. Sekaran, U (2006). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. Bombay: Wiley-India. Tarigan, R (2005). An Evaluation of the Relationship between Alignment of Strategic Priorities and Manufacturing Performance. International Journal of Management, Vol. 22, Issue 4, pp 586-597. Thompson, M., Heron, P (2005). Management Capability and High Performance Work Organization. International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, Issue 6, pp 1029-1048. Tumwesigye, G (2010). The relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Turnover Intentions in a Developing Country: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 4, Issue 6, pp 942-952. WorldSteel Association. (2008). Working in the Steel Industry. Web. This dissertation on Management-Employee Misalignment Performance Implications: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Steel Production Industry was written and submitted by user Kailyn Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Recyclings Management and Potential

Recyclings Management and Potential Objective The objective of this assignment is to recycle various household items to conduct an experiment and to write a research report on it. Throughout the process of ten weeks various types of plastic materials had been collected and stored so that when we resell these items after ten long weeks, we are able to easily tell the difference between the price of when it was bought and the price at which it is again sold in the market. The above mentioned process was carried out for the duration of ten weeks.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Recyclings Management and Potential specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the first week of this assignment four plastic milk pack containers were collected, stored and kept for recycling. In the second week, three plastic bottles were collected from the street [they were normal pet bottles of soft drinks] and were stored along with the milk pack containers. In the third week, f ive plastic plates were found from the household stuff which was not of use any more [they were standard soup plates]. In the fourth week, six plastic tea cups were found which were also placed alongside all the other recyclable items in the storage area. In the fifth week, three plastic dustbins were collected for this task [they were pedal opener dustbins]. Five hair combs were also collected in the sixth week from the household items as well. The seventh week, twelve ball point pens were collected as part of recycling experiment. In the eight week plastic lunch boxes were also collected. Ninth week, Plastic shopping bags were collected as they are used almost on a daily basis in some way or the other and also due to the reason that they are environmentally noxious to the society. The last week of the recycling experiment, Plastic balls were collected; the ones that children play with. Items Quantity Weight(grams) Plastic Milk Containers 4 120gms Plastic Bottles 3 60gms P lastic Plates 5 50gms Plastic Tea Cups 6 30gms Plastic Dustbin 3 90gms Hair Combs 5 25gms Ball point pen 12 30gms Plastic Lunch boxes 7 84gms Plastic shopping bags 8 8gms Plastic balls 5 15gms TOTAL 512gms 1 ton = 1000kgs 1 Kg = 1000gms Therefore 1 ton = 1000 x 1000 = 1,000,000gmsAdvertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 1,000,000gms = $1500 Therefore, 1gm = 1500/1,000,000 1gm = $0.0015 As we have 512gms = $0.768 Which = 76.8cents Data Collection Procedure After collection of all the necessary items to complete the assignment, counting was done on the basis of categorizing plastic material things for their purpose and the types. Once, the plastic goods were sequenced it became easier to calculate the varying types and sizes of items placed in the inventory. Management Skills Implemented The management skills which have been implemented in order to complete this assignment to manage a storage area for all the different items, in order to ensure that the stock inventory for recycling does not get mixed up. The storage area for the task was cleaned and tidied prior and made imperative that it stayed that way. For ten continuous weeks the storage area was maintained and confronted no problems in order to store the different types of plastic materials.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Recyclings Management and Potential specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inventory Management For the entire ten weeks, a new and different plastic material was to be put in the inventory for completing this assignment, each week. The management of the inventory was relatively easy as the storage area was quite expansive. There were ten different shelves made and each shelf was meant to store an individual plastic material good. This ensured that none of the goods could ever get j umbled up. Storage Management The management ensured that the storage area was cleaned thoroughly and properly. Hence, the counting and inspection of all the different plastic recyclable was to be done without any hassle. Social and Ethical Responsibility Conducting such an experiment accentuates the need for recycling in an extreme responsible fashion. The social and ethical responsibility behind recycling plastic waste is highly and urgently required as plastic takes years to decompose. A general example being the plastic bags for instance, as they come in very handy and almost everyone uses or used it on a daily basis. Not only can they clog up drainage but also the mess created is painful to clean up. In fact, several developing countries are continuously battling with plastic decomposition. Hence, it’s absolutely crucial that one understands the importance and ethical need to become a more socially responsible human being. Embracing both the quality and habit of recyclin g waste materials is one of the most vital needs of the human race in the 21st century. Potential Business Enterprise There are several business enterprises that recycle plastic waste and convert it into useful things. In every other type of business, plastic is used for various reasons. For example there is Tesco and Sainsbury in retail business that converts plastic material and use them for packaging their products. In fact, quite a few businesses have made a conscious decision to recycle waste and plastic. Usually these products which are being sold have green arrows which show that they can be recycled again. Another example can be given of the roads which are built in southern India, they are made with plastic bags made into powder form and buried under the road. This carved the path for a possibility of recycling bio degradable plastic bags in Southern India. (Scienceray, 2011) Recycling Centers For example, Appliance recycling center has several branches and is quite a huge firm, as not only do they sell home appliances but recycling is a core value of the company as well. They recycle all over America.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cost Factors Recycling wastes uses up double the amount of energy in comparison creating plastic. The factories which recycle plastic wastes produce harmful and sometimes poisonous smoke. Proven by research it is found that majority of the factories which recycle waste end up being given a chase for their money. Collectivism Collectivism is the term for the combined thoughts of a group of people. Collectivism is the phenomenon that is used as an antonym of the term individualism. According to a collective theory, the collective group is seen to have superiority over the individual. There are two types of collectivism and they are horizontal and vertical. There are two types of collectivism; horizontal and the vertical. The horizontal collectivism comprises of the equal distribution of duties and responsibilities. In Vertical collectivism there is a social chain of command that members of this group work to maintain and people submit to those who are above them in the chain of comman d (Wisegeek, 2011). Plastic Issue The plastic issue can be solved by various methods; all these methods can be done on a local and almost a communal scale which will have a global effect. It is the responsibility of the government as well as every member of the society to not only face each issue but also take measures to solve them. If the plastic is to be banned by the government to save the planet, then there are two things which need to be resolved. Firstly, in order to safeguard the manufacturers and dealers of the plastic industry, they must be provided with different ways of earning a good livelihood. Secondly, find an alternate for the consumers at a reasonable rate. Years ago, when plastic was not common, most of the time people used cloth bags or jute bags to carry their belongings. In order to save up on expenses the sugar and other such granule like commodities were sold to the customers wrapped up in the news papers (cone shaped). Even in today’s world we can ado pt all those good practices because they do not spoil our environment (Scienceray, 2011). Throughout the entire ten weeks process of recycling plastic, the knowledge gained explains the importance of recycling is immense. It is absolutely necessary that all human beings realize and activate their social and ethical responsibility, when it comes to recycling. The less plastic is used on a daily basis, the higher the risk we run. Mindsets need to be changed if globally we need to improve. Create and raising awareness in the minds of people from different regions on the importance of recycling to begin with is a huge step towards our social and ethical responsibility towards our world, planet and each other. References Scienceray. (2011). Scienceray. Web. Scienceray. (2011). Scienceray. Web. Wisegeek. (2011). wisegeek. Retrieved from wisegeek: https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-collectivism.htm

Survey of World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Survey of World History - Essay Example In this paper, we are going to take into consideration, the different cultural encounters that took place in various regions of the world from the 1800’s up to today. This paper would examine the chief wars that took place, the de- colonization of Africa, the Cold War and Japan’s opening to the outside world. One of the main wars that occurred due to military conflict was the â€Å"Vietnam War† which took place between Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959, (Bernard Fall, 1958) which came to an end only in 1975. The origins of the Vietnam War took place between the 1940’s and 1950’s with nationalists groups like the Ho Chi Minh’s ‘Viet Minh’ fighting against colonial rule. This war took place between the communists and the allies of North Vietnam against the South Vietnam government which was supported by the United States and other member nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) (American Experience, 1983) (Encyclopedia Britannica) the chief conflict that led to the war was North Vietnam’s desire to unify the whole country and bring it under the Communist regime. On the other hand, the government of South Vietnam battled to preserve Vietnam on the lines of the West. In the 1950’s a good number of military advisers introduced combat units that were trained and stationed in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was one of the worst wars in history destroying both life and property and raising the toll of casualties to about 2 million civilians, 1.1 million from north Vietnam, about 200,000 from the U.S. military forces and from south Vietnam the death toll was about 250,000 soldiers. Though Vietnam had emerged a recognized military power when the war ended, yet the scars of the war had not left them because their business, industries and agriculture suffered a great deal due to the countryside been destroyed by land mines, bombs and heavy defoliation. The cultural face of Vietnam was defaced by this tragic war. The aftermath of the

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate social responsibility - Essay Example These acts are not requirements either by law or by any other stipulated framework but are still carried out by business corporations under their CSR platforms (McWilliams, Siegel, & Wright, 2006). The business need for such activities may not be clear at first but considering that CSR activities are used as PR stunts by various business corporations, some business value can be derived from CSR. The contention behind CSR is for large corporations to project a soft image of a corporation that cares for the environment and the society. This allows corporations to achieve better sales and integrate better with the consumers. The inclusion of business interests in CSR activities have the direct consequence of inflated CSR initiatives being used for marketing consorts. Research demonstrates that corporations have an overwhelming tendency to report the positive aspects of their CSR activities alone (Bebbington, Brown, Frame, & Thomson, 2007) (Dey, 2003) (Dey, 2007) (Ruffing, 2007). This te nds to bias the reporting situation since corporations are inclined to report the better parts of their corporate behaviour alone. The need was felt to bring to light information covered up by organisations at various levels (Dey, 2007). Silent and shadow accounting was evolved to deal with such a situation where the corporate behaviour of corporations was double checked through independent research. The silent account lists out the corporation’s projections on its CSR while the shadow account lists out an independent finding on the CSR of the concerned business corporation. The current paper will list out findings of the silent and shadow accounts for Procter and Gamble, which represents a top Fortune 500 business corporation. The silent and shadow account for Procter and Gamble will be used to determine the dynamic validity of the state of CSR in practice by Procter and Gamble. Corporate Social Responsibility Silent Account Shadow Account Sustainability Reporting Style P&G lists that it reports CSR initiatives and their results based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) directives. More specifically, P&G utilises the G3Guidelines for reporting under GRI (P&G, 2012). A number of different CSR initiatives and their results – broadly categorised under Products, Operations and Social Responsibility, are available in the CSR report on the P&G website. The availability of quantitative information such as emissions reductions levels, packaging reusability amounts etc. tend to add more credibility to P&G’s portfolio for CSR. The transparency of P&G’s claims for social responsibility requires that the data compiled by P&G be verified independently. The CSR report uploaded at the P&G website contains a number of different claims with regards to environmental and social impacts of CSR activities but fails to report data for verification. Essentially, P&G’s CSR report is referenced under the GRI and is indexed accordingly but does not declare the level of reporting (Cohen, 2011). In addition, the CSR report provides a cue to the website to evaluate how GRI is implemented (P&G, 2013, p. 2) but the website provides no insight into how data is compiled and evaluated by P&G. No third party audit of the data is available to verify or substantiate the claims accordingly. Product Safety and Innovation One of the three key pillars for P&G’s sustainability framework is its products (P&G, 2012). The contention at P&G’

Christianity in the Roman empire Essay Example for Free

Christianity in the Roman empire Essay The Ancient Romans were polytheistic, thus believed in pagan gods and worshipped idols. After some time, a new religion called Christianity rose among the people of Judea. However, as soon as it appeared the Romans started to persecute Christians for not worshipping the emperor and for refusing to go to the army. Even though Christians were persecuted, the religion spread around the Roman Empire at a glance. This was due to the road system in Rome, the common languages spoken by the people, to the fact that anyone could convert to Christianity and finally that it was impossible to destroy an idea. The Roman Empire had an amazing road system which bonded the gigantic empire. When Christianity appeared, the idea of the religion traveled quickly due to the roads that led to Rome. In a few days Romans knew what and where was everything happening. If it wasnt for the roads Christianity wouldnt have spread so quickly. However due to the Roman road system it did. The roads not only unified the whole empire but also contributed into spreading the new religion around it. However if it wasnt for the Latin language, the Christian ideas wouldnt spread that fast. The Latin language was one the major bonds of the Roman Empire. In addition it played a huge role in spreading of Christianity. Everyone in Rome spoke one official language. So the success of Christianity was also due to the common language Latin. Finally, the road system helped a lot with the spreading of Christianity, however without the common language, Latin; it would never spread as fast. One of the things Jesus wanted to change in Judaism was the conversion rules.  He didnt like the fact that people had to do a lot of things in order to become Jewish. Jews didnt want people to convert to their religion that is why they made the rules harsh. Jesus on the other hand tried to simplify Judaism and later it became known as a separate religion Christianity. What was interesting in Christianity is that fact that anyone could become a Christian, no matter what they did, where they lived or who they were. Christianity spread because of its appeal to those who led hard lives. It gave a sense of community and fellowship to the people. There were no class distinctions or sex differences in the religion. Christians believed that in G-ds eyes everyone was the same. When people all around the empire heard about these ideas they were interested, because they were new and unique, and that is why thousands of them converted to Christianity. However when there were too many people joining Christians, The Romans became very angry because now they couldnt unite every one in the empire by worshipping the emperor. And now Christians come along and they ruined all of their plans of bonding the empire. The Romans started to persecute Christians all over the empire. By persecuting Christians they made the religion stronger because people saw others who were willing to die for a religion. Even though Christians persecutions were sporadic and evil they couldnt wipe out all the Christians, that is why the idea continued to grow. The religion spread mainly due to the fact that Christians were martyrs, the idea that people were killed for their beliefs made the religion more attractive for others; it must have been something special to die for, so people followed it and Christianity spread. An idea is a seed that was buried deep inside the ground by someone. No one is able to see it; it doesnt stand on someones way because it is deep inside the ground and impossible to see. The seed is strong because it is unified. However time makes it grow and develop, and break through ground to show up outside the earth to see the sun. The sun gives it energy and it continues to grow it becomes strong, powerful and big. But as soon as it starts to develop new ideas attend the people on that plant and new branches develop, making the plant bigger and bigger, until it starts to annoy someone. That someone sees lots of people following the idea  and they start to persecute in order to destroy everything on their way, everything they can see! They cut off the new ideas, torture the plant but they can not destroy the roots, the concept, the idea because it continues to live deep inside the ground. The Romans saw a beautiful plant, Christianity that was blooming and growing and developing. They wanted to unite all the Romans by worshipping the emperor. However Christianity started to grow their own plant and refused to worship the emperor or go to the army. This made Romans angry and they started to persecute Christians, they wanted to destroy their plant. By persecuting one Christian, others that shared the same beliefs and views on the world, tried to help him, maybe they did not succeed but more and more people joined to help Christians, who were tortured by the Romans, people that were tired and knew that were going to die anyway joined Christians to pay off to the Romans, they wanted to revenge. In addition Christianity gave hopes for the people that were tired of the Roman control. Thousand people joined, thus it united people and made them stronger. Even though millions were killed there were others that joined and the idea was never destroyed. For the Romans and for everyone it seemed that Christianity was already dead, but no, the roots were still alive. Christianity was like an iceberg, the Romans destroyed everything they saw but not the idea, not the roots! The roots continued to grow inside and they became strong and united deep inside the ground where no one could see them. Finally, Christianity survived and dominated the Roman Empire because everyone could easily become a Christian, the news traveled really fast in the Roman Empire and it was impossible to destroy a unique idea. To conclude Christianity succeeded because it gave the people of Rome who were tired of the instability, hope. Moreover Romans didnt really care what Christians believed in, Roman government was instable and they needed scapegoats, who were extreme with their opinions and were ruining the stability of the Roman Empire, such as Christians.

Comparing and Contrasting the Portrayal and Warfare in Poetry :: War Poems Jesse Pope Wilfred Owen Essays

Comparing and Contrasting the Portrayal and Warfare in Poetry War poetry A Comparattive Essay Choose two poets that we have studied so far. Compare and contrast the portrayal of warfare in four of the poems studied. This essay will compare and contrast the portrayal and warfare in four of the poems studied. The first world war was portrayed as a glorious and credible cause, fighting war for your country was deemed as the duty of any credible man. Being able to represent your country on the battlefield was the greatest honour a man could have. Men were engulfed with the idea of being able to fight for their countries futures. Women would have to do everything they could to stop their husbands and sons from risking their lives by signing up for the war. At this time poetry was written to encourage men to go and fight, poets like jessie pope who wrote war poetry enforced this view. JESSIE POPE WILFRED OWEN WHO’S FOR THE DULCE ET DECORUM EST. GAME? THE CALL DISABLED These poems were written about (and at the same time as), World War I, between 1914 to 1918. In these barbaric four years->killing spree 7 million men and leaving 17 million men injured, (physically-the war tactics resorted to the tortures of gas attacks, gun-shot wound, shell shock, starvation and exposure, to name a few...), the rest were scarred by memories never fading. World war one devastated lives and souls, time and space. But citizens back home had no way of knowing what war was capable of, without television or radio to communicate to them, they were only left to imagine the true horrors men were enduring. If people had reailsed the true extent and the horrors of what was actually happening, morale would have been severely detrimentally affected. These poems were created by the thoughts and feelings expressed by soldiers at battle. Propaganda was partially to blame for the young lives that were stolen by the war, because it encouraged men to actively volunteer for the dream of taking the empire to victory and in return recieve the pride of serving their country. Propaganda was engineered to give citizens a false impression/ illusion of positivity about the events that were truely making history horrifically, and consistently sent a message of fortitude and unity to the enemy. Men were driven by promised finicial gain, status and the chance to travel, but under such pointless pain, suffering and horror that awaited them, ready to engulf them all in battle, in such conditions as; 48 hours bomboardment, being surrounded by dead bodies, acheing (mentally, physically and emotionally), foul infestation, and living in fear and horror was not worth the cost of a